You may be familiar with Docker already, but of course in order to run any app successfully you will also need to juggle more than one container. The easiest way to handle this is using Docker Compose. Once the structure of your application is defined, you can then simultaneously create and initiate those containers with one simple command.
In this article we’ll closely review how all of this works together by using a WordPress container along with a MySQL 8.0 container that is separate from the host MySQL instance.
Installing
If you’re on Linux or Mac, you’ll need to install Docker Compose in order to use it. If you’re on Windows, you’re in luck as it is already included with Docker Desktop.
You can check the latest version by going to the github repo here.
At the time of the publishing this article, the latest version is 1.26.2, and the latest version can be downloaded using curl:
sudo curl -L "https://github.com/docker/compose/releases/download/1.26.2/docker-compose-$(uname -s)-$(uname -m)" -o /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
Make sure that Docker Compose has executable permissions:
sudo chmod +x /usr/local/bin/docker-compose
You can test to make sure that the latest version of Docker Compose is installed:
docker-compose -v
The response should be something along the lines of:
docker-compose version 1.26.2, build eefe0d31
Defining docker-compose.yml
version: '3.8' services: wp_mysql: image: mysql:8 container_name: wp_mysql ports: - "3336:3306" volumes: - db_data:/var/lib/mysql restart: always command: --default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password environment: MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root MYSQL_DATABASE: wpdb MYSQL_USER: wpuser MYSQL_PASSWORD: wppass wp: depends_on: - wp_mysql image: wordpress:latest container_name: wp ports: - "8888:80" restart: always environment: WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: wp_mysql WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: wpdb WORDPRESS_DB_USER: wpuser WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: wppass WORDPRESS_DEBUG: 1 volumes: db_data:
This sets up two docker containers — one for the MySQL database, and another for the WordPress installation.
First, we need to define the Docker Compose version. As of the writing of this post, “3.8” is the latest, which maps to the Docker Engine 19.03.0+. If you use an older version, it can still successfully run on newer versions of Docker.
version: '3.8'
Following that, we have the “services” section, where we define each of our containers. Inside that, we have two sections.
First, let’s see the database that we have named wp_mysql. This is important so we can reference this container later on.
wp_mysql:
image: mysql:8
container_name: wp_mysql
ports:
- "3336:3306"
volumes:
- db_data:/var/lib/mysql
restart: always
command: --default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password
environment:
MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: root
MYSQL_DATABASE: wpdb
MYSQL_USER: wpuser
MYSQL_PASSWORD: wppass
We base the container on the mysql:8 image which maps to the latest version of MySQL 8.
The ports are only important if you want to be able to easily access this database from your host. This maps the 3306 port to the host’s 3336.
Next, we have the volumes list where we map the db_data volume to the /var/lib/mysql location within the MySQL container.
We have restart: always which will ensure that our container is always running and even if something causes it to fail, it will automatically restart.
Do note that we need to include the following command:
command: --default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password
This makes it possible for WordPress to connect to our MySQL 8 database, changing the default authentication setting to the native MySQL password, which is what WordPress uses.
Lastly, we have the environment settings that define the database, user, and passwords. Make sure that you use the same settings later when configuring the WordPress container.
Next, we define the WordPress container:
depends_on:
- wp_mysql
image: wordpress:latest
container_name: wp
ports:
- "8888:80"
restart: always
environment:
WORDPRESS_DB_HOST: wp_mysql
WORDPRESS_DB_NAME: wpdb
WORDPRESS_DB_USER: wpuser
WORDPRESS_DB_PASSWORD: wppass
WORDPRESS_DEBUG: 1
Initializing our Docker containers
docker-compose up -d
mysql -u wpuser -pwppass -h 127.0.0.1 -P 3336 -D wpdb
This will connect to our MySQL container and give us full access to the database.
Navigating the browser to the http://localhost:8888 URL we should be able to see the WordPress installation page.
Once that’s done, you have your WordPress up and running without any need to locally install PHP or MySQL.
Shutting down our Docker Containers
docker-compose down
Next
volumes:
- wpfiles:/var/www/html
volumes:
db_data:
wpfiles:
volumes:
- ./:/var/www/html
This maps the local folder to the WordPress /var/www/html, allowing us to easily edit the files afterwards.
For more information on Docker Compose, you can check the official documentation here.
About the Author
Lorenzo Sauchelli is a creative Front-End developer who specializes in JavaScript, HTML, WordPress, and PHP technologies. He is a passionate developer who is always looking for new challenges.
